Embodied cognition theory posits that cognition, motivation, and behavior are closely linked to bodily experiences. Based on this theoretical framework, the present study conducted three progressive experiments to examine Generation Z's attitudes toward the distinction between public and private domains, as well as the impact of online environments on their public service motivation and voice behavior. Study 1 employed the Semantic Misattribution Procedure with 81 valid participants. The results indicated that, in judgments of public and private domains, concrete words exhibited a significantly stronger priming effect on public domain cognition than abstract words. This finding suggests that in implicit attitudes, concrete words associated with physical contexts are more effective in activating public domain cognition than abstract words linked to online contexts. Study 2 measured public service motivation under four priming conditions： online public domain, online private domain, offline public domain, and offline private domain, with a total of 345 valid responses. The results demonstrated that public service motivation scores were significantly higher in the online public domain condition than in the online private domain condition, while scores in the offline private domain condition were significantly higher than those in the online private domain condition. This indicates that embodied perception in offline contexts more effectively enhances individuals' public service motivation. Study 3 extended the priming conditions of Study 2 to assess voice behavior among Generation Z. The results revealed significant differences in voice behavior scores across the four conditions, specifically： offline public domain > online public domain > offline private domain > online private domain. These findings suggest that embodied perception in offline contexts significantly facilitates the expression of voice behavior. Overall, this study highlights the activation effects of embodiment on cognition, motivation, and behavior. While digital environments have expanded the scope of public and private domains, embodiment in offline contexts remains the core mechanism driving the activation of cognition, motivation, and behavior.

2025 Vol. 18　(6):　493-502 [Abstract]（ 0 ） HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1074 KB)  ( 6 )

The study surveyed 964 fathers and 1020 mothers of primary school students, using the Smartphone Addiction Scale（TSAS） and the Co-parenting Questionnaire（CQ）. The network analysis models were used to examine the network structure and core symptoms of parental mobile phone addiction, as well as the relational network between parental mobile phone addiction and their co-parenting behavior. Moreover, the differences in the network properties between the father and mother samples were compared. The results revealed that： （1） The core symptoms of parental mobile phone addiction included “using smartphones for longer time than expected”, “having difficulty in concentrating at work due to the use of smartphone”, and “feeling impatient and restless when the smartphone is not at hand”. （2） There were negative correlations between the symptoms of parental mobile phone addiction and the factors of co-parenting behavior. The higher the severity of mobile phone addiction symptoms, the lower the level of co-parenting behavior. （3） There were no significant differences in the network structure of parental mobile phone addiction and its relations with co-parenting behavior between the father and mother samples. The findings of this study highlighted the detrimental impact of parental mobile phone addiction on co-parenting behavior. It is suggested that intervention strategies targeting the core symptoms of addiction would be more effective in addressing this issue. By doing so, parental mobile phone addiction can be alleviated, leading to improved co-parenting behavior and ultimately fostering the healthy development of children.

2025 Vol. 18　(6):　511-519 [Abstract]（ 0 ） HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1491 KB)  ( 8 )

Adolescence is a high-risk period for psychological issues. The characteristics of psychological issues in adolescents are closely related to social and cultural factors. China’s urban and rural areas have significant differences in terms of economic development, educational resources, and cultural beliefs. This study aimed to utilize the method of psychological measurement network to compare and analyze the manifestation and characteristics of psychological issues in urban and rural adolescents in China. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire （SDQ） was used to assess the psychological issues of adolescents. A comparative analysis was conducted on the self-reported SDQ questionnaires of urban （n = 371; 182 males, 189 females, mean age 14.02 years） and rural （n = 371; 183 males, 188 females, mean age 13.98 years） adolescents. The results revealed that the urban and rural network had similar pattern in SDQ total scale and its subscales, but differences appeared in the centrality. Overall, while there were similarities in the central item of the SDQ and its subscales between the urban and rural networks, differences were observed. Future research can build upon these findings to provide more accurate interventions for psychological issues in adolescents in urban and rural areas of the country.

2025 Vol. 18　(6):　527-535 [Abstract]（ 0 ） HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1326 KB)  ( 4 )

Based on the trait activation theory, this study explored the relationship between Junzi personality and innovative teaching behaviors, as well as the mediating role of career calling and the moderating effect of job autonomy. A total of 523 college teachers were measured by the Junzi Personality Scale, Career Calling Scale, Job Autonomy Scale, and Innovative Teaching Behaviors Scale. The results showed that Junzi personality was positively associated with innovative teaching behaviors, and career calling mediated the effect of junzi personality on innovative teaching behaviors. Moreover, the indirect effect of career calling was positively moderated by job autonomy. As job autonomy increased, the indirect effect of career calling increased. Therefore, Junzi personality can enhance the career calling of college teachers and thus affect innovative work behavior, while job autonomy can strengthen the positive impact of Junzi personality on innovative work behavior of college teachers.

2025 Vol. 18　(6):　546-557 [Abstract]（ 0 ） HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1064 KB)  ( 7 )

Fractions play an important role in children’s mathematical learning process, and their learning effectiveness can predict the mastery level of more complex mathematical knowledge. However, the understanding of fractions is often interfered by natural number knowledge and fraction representation. Currently, a large amount of research has found that the number line estimation method can significantly improve elementary students’ understanding of fraction concepts. Starting from the spatial representation characteristics of fractions and their susceptibility to interference, this study combines the application of number lines in the research and teaching fields of fractions, discussing the good match between number lines and fraction features, and elaborating on the diverse applications of number line teaching methods from the perspective of positive motivation. Finally, it inspires further research to reveal the intrinsic mechanisms of number line intervention in promoting fraction learning, the influence of individuals’ mathematical abilities, cultural backgrounds, and other factors on the effectiveness of number line intervention, as well as in-depth exploration of the gamification of number lines and their deep integration with traditional culture on fraction learning.

2025 Vol. 18　(6):　568-576 [Abstract]（ 0 ） HTML (1 KB)  PDF (982 KB)  ( 6 )