早期逆境维度对青少年执行功能的影响：一项基于网络分析的研究

doi:10.19988/j.cnki.issn.2095-1159.2025.06.007

Psychological Research

2025, Vol. 18

Issue (6): 536-545 DOI: 10.19988/j.cnki.issn.2095-1159.2025.06.007

Applied Psychology Research

Current Issue | Archive | Adv Search

The effect of early adversity dimensions on adolescents’ executive functioning： A study based on network analysis

FU Die, LI Zhihua, YIN Xiayun

School of Education, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411100

Abstract
Figure/Table
References
Related Citation (10)

Download: PDF (1161 KB) HTML (1 KB)
Export: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)

Abstract The type of early adversity poses unique risks to an individual’s cognitive-emotional development, but little research has been conducted to examine the effects of different dimensions of early adversity and their interrelationships on adolescents’ cognitive-emotional development. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different dimensions of early adversity on different executive functions of adolescents. In this paper, 613 junior high school students were surveyed, and network analysis was used to identify the dimensions of early adversity in adolescents and to analyze the effects of the dimensions of early adversity on executive functioning. The results revealed that：（1） Comparing the clustered cluster and adversity dimension models, the results showed a network structure consistent with the adversity dimension model, and emotional abuse was the core node of the early adversity network; （2） The degree of early adversity exposure was significantly negatively correlated with adolescents’ executive functioning, and there were differences in the effects of different dimensions of early adversity on the executive functioning of young adolescents, with adolescents who had more exposure to threat having poorer emotional regulation, and those who had more exposure to deprivation reporting poorer emotional regulation. Adolescents with more deprivation exposure reported poorer self-monitoring; （3） Stressful mindfulness moderated the effects of deprivation adversity on adolescent executive functioning. The findings reveal unique effects of early adversity dimensions on executive functioning, and future interventions on the effects of early adversity on adolescent development should take into account the link between the dimensions of adversity and specific developmental outcomes.

Key words： early adversity dimensions executive function network analysis

	Service

	E-mail this article
	Add to my bookshelf
	Add to citation manager
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	Articles by authors
	FU Die
	LI Zhihua
	YIN Xiayun

Cite this article:

FU Die,LI Zhihua,YIN Xiayun. The effect of early adversity dimensions on adolescents’ executive functioning： A study based on network analysis[J]. Psychological Research, 2025, 18(6): 536-545.

URL:

http://xlyj.magtech.com.cn/EN/10.19988/j.cnki.issn.2095-1159.2025.06.007 OR http://xlyj.magtech.com.cn/EN/Y2025/V18/I6/536

[1] 李美华, 白学军, 沈德. (2006). 不同年级学生执行功能发展水平研究.心理科学, (03), 609-613.
[2] 王丽君, 王建军. (2023). 早期应激对个体认知加工的影响及其神经机制.心理研究, 16(04), 291-299.
[3] 吴晓燕. (2012). 暴力线索暴露对攻击行为的影响机制. 宁波大学硕士学位论文.
[4] 徐韬, 焦富勇, 潘建平, 陈晶琦, 黄晓燕, 刘文利..., 王惠珊. (2014). 中国儿童虐待流行病学研究的文献系统评价研究.中国儿童保健杂志, 22(09), 972-975.
[5] 薛朝霞, 毕婧华, 程萧, 刘威. (2022). 中文版Geurten执行功能问卷在大学生中的信效度检验. 中国临床心理学杂志, 30(03), 525-530+567.
[6] 杨邦林, 黄瑾. (2020). 情感忽视与农村留守儿童游戏成瘾: 逆境信念的调节作用.中国特殊教育, (09), 74-80.
[7] 叶枝, 曾柏洁, 刘芃佳, 刘杨, 张树东. (2021). 母亲抑郁情绪与儿童问题行为的关系: 情感虐待和忽视的中介作用.中国特殊教育, (05), 73-80.
[8] 张紫微, 余春艳, 袁萍, 廉启国, 楼超华, 涂晓雯, 左霞云. (2019). 儿童期不良经历与青春早期抑郁的关联性.中国学校卫生, 40(06), 874-877.
[9] 赵幸福, 张亚林, 李龙飞, 周云飞, 李鹤展, 杨世昌. (2005). 中文版儿童期虐待问卷的信度和效度.中国临床康复, (20),105-107.
[10] 朱茂玲, 徐晓叶楠, 林丹华. (2013). 小学生受虐待经历与焦虑的关系: 心理弹性的中介作用分析.中国特殊教育, (10), 80-84.
[11] 祝孝亮, 赵鑫. (2023). 执行功能在不同年级儿童数学能力中的作用.心理学报, 55(05), 696-710.
[12] Bauldry S., Shanahan M. J., Boardman J. D., Miech R. A., & Macmillan R. (2012). A life course model of self-rated health through adolescence and young adulthood.Social Science & Medicine, 75(7), 1311-1320.
[13] Bellis M. A., Hughes K., Ford K., Rodriguez G. R., Sethi D., & Passmore J. (2019). Life course health consequences and associated annual costs of adverse childhood experiences across Europe and North America: A systematic review and meta-analysis.The Lancet Public Health, 4(10), e517-e528.
[14] Bernstein D. P., Ahluvalia T., Pogge D., & Handelsman L. (1997). Validity of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire in an adolescent psychiatric population.Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 36(3), 340-348.
[15] Carozza S., Holmes J., & Astle D. E. (2022). Testing deprivation and threat: A preregistered network analysis of the dimensions of early adversity.Psychological Science, 33(10), 1753-1766.
[16] Chen, L., & Qu, L. (2023). The effects of challenge and threat states on coping flexibility: Evidence from framing and exemplar priming.Anxiety, Stress, & Coping, 36(2), 163-183.
[17] Crum A. J., Akinola M., Martin A., & Fath S. (2017). The role of stress mindset in shaping cognitive, emotional, and physiological responses to challenging and threatening stress.Anxiety, Stress, & Coping, 30(4), 379-395.
[18] Crum A. J., Salovey P., & Achor S. (2013). Rethinking stress: The role of mindsets in determining the stress response.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 104(4), 716-733.
[19] Csárdi, G., & Nepusz, T. (2006). The igraph software.Complex System, 1695, 1-9.
[20] De Brito S. A., Viding E., Sebastian C. L., Kelly P. A., Mechelli A., Maris H., & McCrory E. J. (2013). Reduced orbitofrontal and temporal grey matter in a community sample of maltreated children.Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54(1), 105-112.
[21] Diamond, A. (2012). Executive functions.Annual Review of Psychology, 64(1), 135-168.
[22] Dvir Y., Ford J. D., Hill M., & Frazier J. A. (2014). Childhood maltreatment, emotional dysregulation, and psychiatric comorbidities.Harvard Review of Psychiatry, 22, 149-161.
[23] Eiland, L., & McEwen, B. S. (2012). Early life stress followed by subsequent adult chronic stress potentiates anxiety and blunts hippocampal structural remodeling.Hippocampus, 22(1), 82-91.
[24] Epskamp, S., Borsboom, D. & Fried, E. I. (2018). Estimating psychological networks and their accuracy: A tutorial paper.Behavior Research Methods, 50(1), 195-212.
[25] Epskamp S., Cramer A. O. J., Waldorp L. J., Schmittmann V. D., & Borsboom D. (2012). qgraph: Network visualizations of relationships in psychometric data.Journal of Statistical Software, 48(4).
[26] Evans G. W., Li D., & Whipple S. S. (2013). Cumulative risk and child development.Psychological Bulletin, 139(6), 1342-1396.
[27] Foygel, R., & Drton, M. (2010). Extended Bayesian information criteria for Gaussian graphical models. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 23, 2020-2028.
[28] Gangestad, S. W., & Snyder, M. (2000). Self-monitoring: Appraisal and reappraisal.Psychological Bulletin, 126(4), 530.
[29] Geurten M., Catale C., Geurten C., Wansard M., & Meulemans T. (2016). Studying self-awareness in children: Validation of the Questionnaire of Executive Functioning (QEF).The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 30(4), 558-578
[30] Groza V., Ryan S. D., & Thomas S. (2008). Institutionalization, Romanian adoptions and executive functioning.Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 25(3), 185-204.
[31] Hair N. L., Hanson J. L., Wolfe B. L., & Pollak S. D. (2015). Association of child poverty, brain development, and academic achievement.JAMA Pediatrics, 169(9), 822-829.
[32] Hart S. N., Binggeli N. J., & Brassard M. R. (1997). Evidence for the effects of psychological maltreatment.Journal of Emotional Abuse, 1(1), 27-58.
[33] Hartanto A., Yong J. C., Lee S. T., Ng W. Q., & Tong E. M. (2020). Putting adversity in perspective: Purpose in life moderates the link between childhood emotional abuse and neglect and adulthood depressive symptoms.Journal of Mental Health, 29(4), 473-482.
[34] Hevey, D. (2018). Network analysis: A brief overview and tutorial.Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine, 6(1), 301-328.
[35] Heyes, C. M. (2010). Where do mirror neurons come from? Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 34, 575-583.
[36] Hodgdon H. B., Liebman R., Martin L., Suvak M., Beserra K., Rosenblum W., .. Spinazzola J. (2018). The effects of trauma type and executive dysfunction on symptom expression of polyvictimized youth in residential care: Trauma type and executive dysfunction.Journal of Traumatic Stress, 31(2), 255-264.
[37] Ji, S., & Wang, H. (2018). A study of the relationship between adverse childhood experiences, life events, and executive function among college students in China.Psicologia: Reflexãoe Crítica, 31.
[38] Johnson D., Policelli J., Li M., Dharamsi A., Hu Q., Sheridan M. A., .. & Wade M. (2021). Associations of early-life threat and deprivation with executive functioning in childhood and adolescence: A systematic review and meta-analysis.JAMA Pediatrics, 175(11), e212511-e212511.
[39] Jones P. J., Mair P., Simon T., & Zeileis A. (2020). Network trees: A method for recursively partitioning covariance structures.Psychometrika, 85, 926-945.
[40] Kaplan, S., & Berman, M. G. (2010). Directed attention as a common resource for executive functioning and self-regulation.Perspectives on Psychological Science, 5(1), 43-57.
[41] Lambert H. K., King K. M., Monahan K. C., & McLaughlin K. A. (2017). Differential associations of threat and deprivation with emotion regulation and cognitive control in adolescence.Development and Psychopathology, 29(3), 929-940.
[42] Lantrip C., Isquith P. K., Koven N. S., Welsh K., & Roth R. M. (2016). Executive function and emotion regulation strategy use in adolescents.Applied Neuropsychology: Child, 5(1), 50-55.
[43] Machlin L., Miller A. B., Snyder J., McLaughlin K. A., & Sheridan M. A. (2019). Differential associations of deprivation and threat with cognitive control and fear conditioning in early childhood.Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 13, 80.
[44] McDermott J. M., Westerlund A., Zeanah C. H., Nelson C. A., & Fox N. A. (2012). Early adversity and neural correlates of executive function: Implications for academic adjustment. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 2, S59-S66.
[45] McEwen, B. S. (2008). Understanding the potency of stressful early life experiences on brain and body function.Metabolism, 57, S11-S15.
[46] McLaughlin, K. A., & Sheridan, M. A. (2016). Beyond cumulative risk: A dimensional approach to childhood adversity.Current Directions in Psychological Science, 25(4), 239-245.
[47] McLaughlin K. A., Sheridan M. A., & Lambert H. K. (2014). Childhood adversity and neural development: Deprivation and threat as distinct dimensions of early experience.Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 47, 578-591.
[48] McLaughlin K. A., Sheridan M. A., & Lambert H. K. (2014). Childhood adversity and neural development: Deprivation and threat as distinct dimensions of early experience. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 47, 578-591.
[49] McLaughlin K. A., Sheridan M. A., Humphreys K. L., Belsky J., & Ellis B. J. (2021). The value of dimensional models of early experience: Thinking clearly about concepts and categories.Perspectives on Psychological Science, 16(6), 1463-1472.
[50] Merrick M. T., Ford D. C., Ports K. A., & Guinn A. S. (2018). Prevalence of adverse childhood experiences from the 2011-2014 behavioral risk factor surveillance system in 23 states.JAMA Pediatrics, 172(11), 1038-1044.
[51] Nelson, C. A. (2017). Hazards to early development: The biological embedding of early life adversity.Neuron, 96(2), 262-266.
[52] Newman, M. E. J. (2004). Analysis of weighted networks.Physical Review E, 70(5), 9.
[53] Levinson C. A., Brosof L. C., Vanzhula I., Christian C., Jones P., Rodebaugh T. L., .. & Fernandez, K. C. (2018). Social anxiety and eating disorder comorbidity and underlying vulnerabilities: Using network analysis to conceptualize comorbidity.International Journal of Eating Disorders, 51(7), 693-709.
[54] Kelder R., Ensink J. B., Overbeek G., Maric M., & Lindauer R. J. (2017). Executive function as a mediator in the link between single or complex trauma and posttraumatic stress in children and adolescents.Quality of Life Research, 26, 1687-1696.
[55] Pakpahan E., Hoffmann R., & Kröger H. (2017). Retrospective life course data from European countries on how early life experiences determine health in old age and possible mid-life mediators. Data in Brief, 10, 277-282.
[56] Pons, P., & Latapy, M. (2006). Computing communities in large networks using random walks.Journal of Graph Algorithms and Applications, 10(2), 191-218.
[57] Raineki C., Cortés M. R., Belnoue L., & Sullivan R. M. (2012). Effects of early-life abuse differ across development: Infant social behavior deficits are followed by adolescent depressive-like behaviors mediated by the amygdala.Journal of Neuroscience, 32(22), 7758-7765.
[58] Rosen M. L., Hagen M. P., Lurie L. A., Miles Z. E., Sheridan M. A., Meltzoff A. N., & McLaughlin K. A. (2020). Cognitive stimulation as a mechanism linking socioeconomic status with executive function: A longitudinal investigation.Child Development, 91(4), e762-e779.
[59] Schmeichel B. J., Vohs K. D., & Baumeister R. F. (2018). Intellectual performance and ego depletion: Role of the self in logical reasoning and other information processing. In self-regulation and self-control(pp. 310-339). Routledge.
[60] Sheridan M. A., Shi F., Miller A. B., Salhi C., & McLaughlin K. A. (2020). Network structure reveals clusters of associations between childhood adversities and development outcomes.Developmental Science, 23(5), e12934.
[61] Silveira S., Shah R., Nooner K. B., Nagel B. J., Tapert S. F., De Bellis M. D., & Mishra J. (2020). Impact of childhood trauma on executive function in adolescence—mediating functional brain networks and prediction of high-risk drinking.Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, 5(5), 499-509.
[62] Staudt, M. M. (2001). Psychopathology, peer relations, and school functioning of maltreated children: A literature review.Children and Schools, 23(2), 85-100.
[63] Strathearn L., Giannotti M., Mills R., Kisely S., Najman J., & Abajobir A. (2020). Long-term cognitive, psychological, and health outcomes associated with child abuse and neglect.Pediatrics, 146(4).
[64] Teicher M. H., Samson J. A., Anderson C. M., & Ohashi K. (2016). The effects of childhood maltreatment on brain structure, function and connectivity.Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 17(10), 652-666.
[65] Tibshirani, R. (1996). Regression shrinkage and selection via the lasso.Journal of the Royal Statistical Society B: Methodological, 58(1), 267-288.
[66] Trossman R., Spence S. L., Mielke J. G., & McAuley T. (2021). How do adverse childhood experiences impact health? Exploring the mediating role of executive functions.Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 13(2), 206.
[67] Vogel S. C., Perry R. E., Brandes-Aitken A., Braren S., & Blair C. (2021). Deprivation and threat as developmental mediators in the relation between early life socioeconomic status and executive functioning outcomes in early childhood.Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 47, 100907.
[68] Yang Z., Algesheimer R., & Tessone C. J. (2016). A comparative analysis of community detection algorithms on artificial networks.Scientific Reports, 6(1), 30750.