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WANG Lijun, WANG Jianjun
Early life stress is the exposure to negative events during childhood that exceeds the child’s coping resources and leads to the increased risks for developmental and mental health problems throughout the lifespan. Existing studies have found that early life stress had widespread negative influence on individuals’ cognitive processing. We firstly reviewed the theories on early life stress, then summarized individuals’ performance in a range of cognitive functions such as execution control and memory following early life stress. Finally, we prospected future research from the aspects of chronic stress perception, individual differences and emotion regulation strategies.
2023 Vol. 16 (4): 291-299 [Abstract]（
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HAO Haiping, LYU Houchao, HUANG Xiting
The present research systematically summarized the Chinese people’s time orientation which was also called time perspective and the relationship between the Chinese people’s time orientation and mental health and behavior habits. By sorting out the Chinese people's time orientation including past orientation, present orientation, and future orientation, the characteristics of Chinese people's time perspective were put forward, that is, never forget why you started （past orientation）, based on the present （present orientation） and looking forward to the future （future orientation）. Past orientation, present orientation, and future orientation all had a dual impact on mental health and behavioral habits （positive or negative）. Past positive and future orientation were significantly positively correlated with positive emotions, subjective well-being, the meaning of life, and healthy living habits, and were potential protective factors for mental health and healthy living habits; Present hedonistic was significantly positively correlated with subjective well-being and life satisfaction, was a potential protective factor for mental health; Present fatalistic was significantly positively correlated with pessimism and negative emotions, and was a risk factor for psychological problems; Present orientation and addictive behavior were significantly positively related, and it was a risk factor for bad lifestyle habits; Past negative significantly negatively correlated with mental health and good living habits, and was a risk factor for psychological problems and bad living habits. Only the positive combination of past orientation, present orientation, and future orientation, that is, the combination of past positive, present hedonistic, and future orientation, was also known as balanced time perspective and was the best predictor of mental health and healthy lifestyle habits. Balanced time perspective was a potential protective factor for mental health and healthy living habits. Finally, Chinese people’s time perspective was a balance of time perspective, that is, a combination of past positive, present hedonistic, and future orientation. In summary, the past, present, and future jointly determined the individual’s psychology and behavior. Never forget why you started was the source of national identity and self-identity; based on the present to provide nutrients for life; looking forward to the future giving individuals the wings to soar.
2023 Vol. 16 (4): 300-309 [Abstract]（
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LI Xiyan, LYU Houchao, ZHANG Zhijie
The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship among balanced time perspective, Zhongyong thinking and wisdom of college students. The Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory, Zhongyong Thinking Scale and Three-Dimensional Wisdom Scale were used to test 404 undergraduates and postgraduates. Results： （1） Time perspective significantly and positively predicted wisdom; （2） Zhongyong thinking significantly and positively predicted wisdom; （3） Zhongyong thinking played a moderating role in balanced time perspective and wisdom, and had a gain effect. In other words, the more balanced the individual's time perspective is, the faster the wisdom level will increase when the level of Zhongyong thinking is higher. To conclusion, in the context of Chinese culture, individuals' balanced time perspective can positively predict wisdom. Zhongyong thinking moderates the relationship between balanced time perspective and wisdom.
2023 Vol. 16 (4): 310-316 [Abstract]（
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LI Zhaoyu, CHEN Youguo
A total of 450 older adults were surveyed using the Zimbardo time perspective inventory （ZTPI）. Psychometric characteristics of the full scale （ZTPI-56） and 10 shortened scales were checked. The results showed that the shortened version of the 15-item scale （ZTPI-15） had the best structural validity. ZTPI-56 had higher internal consistency reliability than ZTPI-15. Compared with ZTPI-56, ZTPI-15 was more correlated with depression and loneliness. The results suggest that ZTPI-15 can be used to investigate the correlation between time perspective and other psychological variables （such as depression and anxiety） in the Chinese elderly, and further revision of some dimensions of ZTPI-15 is needed in the future to increase its internal consistency reliability.
2023 Vol. 16 (4): 317-323 [Abstract]（
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Applied Psychology Research
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LIAO Yingying, WANG Fengyan
Pastoral complex is the epitome of Chinese agricultural civilization. With the acceleration of urbanization and the promotion of rural revitalization strategy, in order to better understand the psychology and behavior of Chinese people, it is necessary to further explore the psychological root of the formation of pastoral complex and its representation in daily life. This paper discussed the internalization mechanism and externalization forms of pastoral complex through two studies. Study 1 used the qualitative method to explore the psychological root of pastoral complex formation. From a grounded theory base, preliminary analysis, generic analysis and theoretical construction of the collected data were made. Sum up the pastoral complex form the psychological root of mainly from three aspects： realistic, psychological and behavioral. In study 2, the representation of pastoral complex was obtained by questionnaire survey： pastoral dream in mind, passion for garden life and love of pastoral works.
2023 Vol. 16 (4): 324-333 [Abstract]（
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PAN Xiaofu, DENG Jiamin, HE Lidong
The effects of dress on people are obvious. On the one hand, it is seen through other’s mirror comments and on the other hand, it comes from the wearer’s self-perception. This paper focuses on the effects of dress on the wearer’s behavior from the perspective of the wearer’s self perception and behavioral experience. Based on the enclothed cognition theory, the role theory, the self-objectification theory and the self-image product-image congruity theory, the theoretical mechanism is further analyzed. Future study should focus on enriching connotation definition, refining symbolic meaning, improving the study of mechanism and exploring the persistence of influence.
2023 Vol. 16 (4): 334-343 [Abstract]（
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CHEN Wanyu, YE Yiduo
On the basis of literature analysis and semi-open interviews, the career hope initial measurement table was compiled. And the preliminary questionnaire was based on the expert judgment, which was used to test 738 high school students, college students, and workers. The two batches of data were randomly divided into two groups for item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis. The internal consistency reliability, split-half reliability and validity-related validity of the scale were all evaluated. In addition, 135 college students were selected after a month’s test to evaluate the retest reliability. Results indicated that the Career Hope Scale consists of 25 questions, including five dimensions, namely, positive expectation, goal setting, motivation promotion, pathway reached, and introspection adjustment. The reliability test found that the career hope total table and the internal consistency reliability, split-half reliability and retest reliability of each dimension were good, and the validity test suggested that the scale had good content validity, structural validity and calibration correlation validity. The Career Hope Scale has a clear structure, good reliability and validity, and can be used as a tool for measuring career hope.
2023 Vol. 16 (4): 344-353 [Abstract]（
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School Psychology Research
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ZHANG Junwei, TANG Jiao, XIE Kun, ZHANG Yajun
In order to motivate graduate students’ research creativity, the study explored the effect of inclusive supervisor on graduate students’ research creativity. Prior research had drawn from creative self-efficacy and failure inclusion climate to explicate how inclusive leadership affects employees. Based on a new perspective—cognitive flexibility, our study investigated the association between inclusive supervisor and graduate students’ research creativity, and explored the mediating role of cognitive flexibility and the moderating effect of openness to experience. We used questionnaire surveys to obtain the valid data of 347 graduate students and their peers. Results revealed that there was a positive relationship between inclusive supervisor and graduate students’ research creativity and such an association was mediated by cognitive flexibility after controlling for creative self-efficacy and failure inclusion climate. Furthermore, openness to experience attenuated the effect of inclusive supervisor on cognitive flexibility, such that the positive relationship was weaker when openness to experience was high than when it was low. Ultimately, openness to experience mitigated the indirect effect of inclusive supervisor on research creativity via cognitive flexibility, such that the indirect effect was weaker when openness to experience was high than when it was low.
2023 Vol. 16 (4): 354-363 [Abstract]（
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PENG Haiyun, LI Ning, WANG Jinrui, QIU Fanshuo, XIN Sufei
To explore the change in life satisfaction level of college students and its influencing factors, data from 55 papers were analyzed using the method of cross-temporal meta-analysis. The reporting data were collected between 2004 and 2019 （N=34183）, applying “Life Satisfaction Scales Applicable to Chinese Adolescent Students”. Results showed that： （1） The average scores of the life satisfaction had positive correlations with the year significantly, which indicated that the life satisfaction level of college students increased gradually over the past years. （2） Five macro social indicators in three aspects including the socioeconomic conditions, status of higher education and employment environment were key predictive factors for the increase in college students’ life satisfaction level.
2023 Vol. 16 (4): 364-372 [Abstract]（
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LI Xuening, HUAI Zhangcui, CHENG Lu
This study explored the effect of emotion on cognitive control and regulation of high and low trait mind-flow sports students through two experiments. Experiment 1 examined the cognitive control of high and low dispositional flow subjects under different approach motivation positive emotions. The results found that positive emotions with high approach motivation inhibited the tendency of low-flow sport students to adopt reactive control. Experiment 2 further examined the moderating effects of emotion regulation strategies on low-flow sports students. The results found that the expressive inhibition effectively increased the tendency of low-flow sports students to adopt reactive control. This suggests that the cognitive control of low-flow sports students is susceptible to emotions and that expressive inhibition can play a moderating role on it.
2023 Vol. 16 (4): 373-381 [Abstract]（
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XIE Donghua
2023 Vol. 16 (4): 382-384 [Abstract]（
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