Predictive processing （PP） has rapidly gained influence in the field of cognitive science. It has developed some new concepts and research methods. It attempts to provide a unified explanation of human experience. The research community of PP does not form a unified view, but has been divided into two different research approaches： Conservative predictive processing and radical predictive processing, which implies two different ways of understanding the mind. The proponents of the former hold that the framework is consistent with the neuro-representationalism, and it is a continuation of the view of disembodied mind. While the supporters of the latter emphasize action-oriented representation, and actively responds to the ideas of embodied mind. But both of them are faced with some cognitive interpretation dilemmas. This model provides a new perspective for exploring the mind, and phenomenology undoubtedly has important intrinsic value for its research on the nature of the mind.

2026 Vol. 19　(4):　291-298 [Abstract]（ 0 ） HTML (1 KB)  PDF (941 KB)  ( 2 )

The relationship between beauty and goodness has always been an important topic of scholars to debate, but at present, most researchers only use moral words to study a one-way relationship. In this study, behavioral and EEG experiments were used to select facial attractiveness to represent “beauty” and fairness to represent “goodness” in an attempt to explore the relationship between beauty and goodness in the same context. Experiment 1 used ultimatum game task variant to investigate the influence of facial attractiveness on individual fairness. The results showed that individuals were more willing to accept the proposal of highly attractive faces, highly attractive faces induced greater N2 amplitude, lowly attractive faces induced greater P2 amplitude and FRN amplitude, and the FRN amplitude was greater in women. Experiment 2 used the dictator game task variant to investigate the influence of fairness on individuals’ perceived attractiveness. The results showed that the fair proposers were more attractive, and the lowly attractive faces induced greater N2 amplitude, and the P2 amplitude was larger in men. In conclusion, facial attractiveness can affect an individual’s perceived fairness; Fairness affects an individual’s perception of face attractiveness, but is influenced by the attractiveness of the face itself.

2026 Vol. 19　(4):　309-319 [Abstract]（ 0 ） HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1186 KB)  ( 2 )

As an important risk factor for overweight and obesity, binge eating has recently gained increasing attention in the field of health psychology. At the behavioral level, binge eating has been linked to enhanced reward sensitivity and altered inhibitory control in non-clinical individuals. At the neural level, the decreased functional synchrony between the brain’s reward and cognitive control systems （i.e., the brain dual-system） represents the crucial neural substrates that could explain the potential interactions of dysfunctional reward sensitivity with inhibitory control in binge eating. These non-clinical findings are consistent with previous clinical studies involved in children and adults with binge-eating disorder. From a reward-inhibition dual-system perspective, the evidence reviewed in this study suggests that future research needs to systematically investigate the crucial role of the brain dual-system interactions （e.g., “correlation” and “causality”） in binge eating in the general population. From a developmental perspective of binge eating, it is important to further reveal the full range of neuromarkers of the dual-system interaction, from childhood to adulthood.

2026 Vol. 19　(4):　329-336 [Abstract]（ 0 ） HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1081 KB)  ( 2 )

In recent years, loving-kindness meditation（LKM） has attracted considerable attention for its proven benefits in enhancing mental and physical health as well as fostering pro-social behaviors. However, theoretical investigations into this practice are comparatively underdeveloped, primarily owing to an overlooking of its unique operative mechanisms. The most distinctive separation of loving-kindness meditation from other meditative disciplines is the strategic employment of linguistic cues to manipulate and formulate the content of awareness, prompting a profound shift in intrinsic experiences. This study divided LKM into two stages： “Self-blessing” and “blessing others”, methodically dissecting the process of loving-kindness meditation and the subsequent transformations in perspectives, emotions, cognitive processes, as well as the attitudes that practitioners may undergo. It postulates that emotional regulation, conceptual restructuring, and cognitive modulation are three pivotal mechanisms, ultimately leading to more positive experiences and a comprehensive improvement in physical and mental health. Future research is suggested to advance both theoretical research and practical applications.

2026 Vol. 19　(4):　349-359 [Abstract]（ 0 ） HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1079 KB)  ( 2 )

This study utilized network analysis to investigate the relationships between job burnout and psychological symptoms in a sample of 1143 primary and secondary school teachers. The findings were summarized as follows：（1） Anxiety emerged as the most central node within the psychological symptom network. In the burnout network, depersonalization and emotional exhaustion were the most central dimensions, with their prominence varying by educational stage.（2） Depression, depersonalization, and emotional exhaustion were identified as key bridge connectors in the overall and high school teacher networks. In contrast, obsession, depersonalization, and emotional exhaustion served as the primary bridges in the elementary and junior high school teacher networks. In conclusion, the core issues are anxiety, depersonalization, and emotional exhaustion. Interventions targeting the identified bridge symptoms specific to each educational stage are recommended for maximum efficacy.

2026 Vol. 19　(4):　368-376 [Abstract]（ 0 ） HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1027 KB)  ( 2 )