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SU Jiajia, YE Haosheng
Since the era of the Axis, “metaverse” can be regarded as the birth of human civilization, and the ultimate goal is to create a new “disembodied” civilization form. The question consciousness is that how do we understand the relationship between the metaverse and the human “body”. In this paper, metaverse is defined as a cognitive revolution. From the perspective of cognitive science, the body forms of metaverse civilization can be divided into three levels： At the first level, “disembodied metaverse” suggests that metaverse is a combination of Mars immigrants and brain-computer interface. At the second level, “embodied metaverse” holds that metaverse is a “embodied internet” integrating biological body, technological body and environmental body. At the third level, “enactive metaverse” believes that metaverse should be combined with “enactive cognition”, and the body should be regarded as the “the body of sense-making”. And the linkage between the value of “decentralization” in the civilization layer of metaverse and the “blockchain technology” in the science and technology layer of metaverse will help solve the problem of sense-making in metaverse civilization. It is worth noting that the “predictive processing model” emphasizes that the brain is an active predictive engine, and the brain, body and environment are a trinity dynamic system, which will provide programmatic guiding significance for the future construction of metaverse civilization. Finally, this paper discusses whether metaverse can end “body-mind dualism of Descartes”, and finds that although it can bring a new perspective to the body-mind problem, whether it can be solved is still unknown. The only certainty is that the key to the “civilization” of metaverse lies in the mystery of the human “body”.
2023 Vol. 16 (1): 3-11 [Abstract]（
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WANG Shuyan, LIU Qipeng, JIANG Wei
Recently, the problem of social stratification is prominent. The psychological and behavioral characteristics of the people in different socioeconomic status have become the frontier in the field of psychology. The measurement and manipulation of socioeconomic status is the premise and foundation of research. The measurement of socioeconomic status including objective socioeconomic status （SES） and subjective social status （SSS） measurements. In order to investigate the causal relationship between socioeconomic status and other variables, the subjective social status is usually manipulated. In the future research, we should pay attention to the different influences of subjective and objective social status on individuals, and choose more reasonable socioeconomic status indicators according to the specificity of national conditions and the research group.
2023 Vol. 16 (1): 12-20 [Abstract]（
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LI Quan, FENG Tingyong
The present study （N=55） attempted to use a 2（group： pretend play training vs no-training） × 2（test time： pre vs post） between-and-within-subjects design to investigate the effect of pretend play training on development of 4-and 4.5-year-old children’s executive function. The results revealed that： （1） Children’s executive function didn’t show significant difference during pretest. （2） Children’s executive function improved significantly in pretend play group during posttest. Training children’s inhibition control improved significantly during posttest than no-training group. Working memory and problem solving were marginal significant during pre-posttest. In conclusion, our results suggested pretend play can improve children’s executive function.
2023 Vol. 16 (1): 21-31 [Abstract]（
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GONG Huoliang, WANG Hongbo, WANG Yao
Two experiments were adopted to explore the characteristics of social autobiographical memory in high social anxiety individuals as bystander. Experiment 1 aimed to explore the number characteristics of autobiographical memory by 2×2 design, and experiment 2 aimed to explore the specify characteristics of autobiographical memory by 2×2 design. Results showed that： （1） Compared with normal group, social anxiety group had more negative social autobiographical memory and less positive social autobiographical memory. （2） Compared with normal group, the social autobiographical memory specify degree of social anxiety group was lower. Therefore, high social anxiety individuals have negative bias on social autobiographical memory as a bystander, the number of negative social autobiographical memory is more and the specify degree of social autobiographical memory is lower.
2023 Vol. 16 (1): 32-39 [Abstract]（
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LI Huijuan, CHEN Yanan, XING Xiaoli
In this study, questionnaire and situational experiment were used to investigate the effects of compassion and injustice on third-party punishment and the mediating role of moral outrage. Study 1 examined the influence of compassion on third-party punishment in real situation. The results showed that compassion was positively correlated with third-party punishment, and the higher the degree of injustice, the higher the degree of compassion, third-party punishment and the correlation coefficient. In study 2, the effect of compassion and injustice on third-party punishment was investigated by situational experiment. The results showed that both compassion and injustice significantly increased moral outrage and third-party punishment, and moral outrage played the full mediating role between compassion and third-party punishment at both level of injustices. Study 3 examined the effects of compassion and injustice on third-party punishment in animal abuse situations, the results showed that compassion for abuse animals and injustice also increased moral outrage and third-party punishment, and moral outrage partially mediated the effect of compassion and third-party punishment at both level of injustices. In conclusion： （1） The degree of injustice affected the third-party punishment; （2） When it was impossible to help the victim, compassion intensified the third-party punishment inspired by injustice; （3） compassion intensified moral outrage and thus served as a magnifier of third-party punishment, which is consistent with just deserts theory.
2023 Vol. 16 (1): 40-51 [Abstract]（
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Applied Psychology Research
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LIU Lidan, WANG Zhongjun
Based on construal level theory and gender difference perspective, the study conducted a two-wave designed study on the relationship between consideration of future consequences （CFC） and exploration behaviors as well as exploitation behaviors, and further testing the moderating effect of gender. The study collected a sample of scientific research personnel from different universities in China and statistically analyzed the data by Hierarchical Regression Modeling. The results showed that CFC had a positive correlation with the exploration behaviors, and a negative correlation with exploitation behaviors. Gender moderated the relationship between CFC and exploration behaviors. Specifically, CFC exerted positive effect on male university researchers’ exploration behaviors, but not on the female. Gender moderated the relationship between CFC and exploitation behaviors. Specifically, CFC exerted negative effect on female university researchers’ exploitation behaviors, but not on the male. The study contributes the research on effectiveness of CFC and provides a new perspective on the factors of employees’ innovative behaviors. The conclusions have practical significance to promote organizational innovation and scientific research personnel management.
2023 Vol. 16 (1): 52-63 [Abstract]（
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GAO Long, MA Minjie, LI Weiyu, Wang Tingzhao
To develop a self-concept assessment scale suitable for children with mild intellectual disabilities, this study constructed the structural model and developed the pretest questionnaire based on contextual Inquiry, scale analysis, and theoretical analysis. Subsequently, a total of 216 and 215 children aged 8~16 years with mild intellectual disabilities were selected as subjects. The pretest questionnaire and formal test questionnaire were analyzed and the differences in demographic variables were further compared. The results showed that the self-concept of children with mild intellectual disabilities included six dimensions of physical appearance, physical activity, emotion, family self, school self, and social self. The reliability and validity of the 42-item scale were good and reached the psychometrics standard.
2023 Vol. 16 (1): 64-72 [Abstract]（
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YANG Xuefeng, YANG Mingmei
In order to ameliorate indigenous researches of the self-control theory, the measurement qualities such as reliability and construct validity of the Chinese Grasmick’s scale were examined across four samples of offenders with overall size of 1219. It was found that classical tests such as internal consistency index and exploratory factor analysis seemed to confirm the scale with good reliability and first-order unidimensional structure, however, the confirmatory factor analysis suggested that only under the second-order measurement model could the unidimensional hypothesis be empirically supported; Moreover, multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the second-order single factorial model of the revised Chinese Grasmick’s scale, which only consists of 18 items instead of the original 24 items, satisfied both factor structure and factor loading invariance hypotheses. In conclusion, upon using the Chinese Grasmick’s scale in indigenous context, the simple adding-up method should not be continued, and instead the second-order single-factor measurement model should be constructed from the revised 18-item Chinese Grasmick’s scale.
2023 Vol. 16 (1): 73-82 [Abstract]（
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School Psychology Research
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CHEN Pei, CHEN Yuxuan, HE Wenxuan, LUO Yiling, CHEN Mohan, YU Chengfu
Using a series of questionnaires surveyed a sample of 1354 junior students in order to explore the mediating roles of school engagement and deviant peer affiliation between parental corporal punishment and adolescent drinking behavior. The results showed that：（1） Parental corporal punishment was significantly positively correlated with female adolescent drinking behavior, but it was not significantly related with male drinking behavior; （2） Both school engagement and deviant peer affiliation mediated the relationship between parental corporal punishment and male adolescent drinking behavior, that is, parental corporal punishment diminished school engagement and increased the risk of deviant peer affiliation, and thus leading to male adolescent drinking behavior. However, this chain of mediating effect was not significant in female adolescent. （3） In addition, school engagement mediated the relationship between parental corporal punishment and male adolescent drinking, and it was not significantly in female drinking behavior. （4） Deviant peer affiliation mediated significantly the relationship between parental corporal punishment and adolescent drinking behavior.
2023 Vol. 16 (1): 83-91 [Abstract]（
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