Criminal thinking style： Connotation, measurement and influencing factors
ZHANG Huawei1, LIU Hongguang2
1 Department of Public Order Policing, Guangdong Police College, Guangzhou 510440; 2 School of Criminology, People's Public Security University of China, Beijing 100038
[1] Andrews, D. A., & Bonta, J. (2010). The psychology of criminal conduct. Routledge. [2] Bartholomew N. R., Morgan R. D., Mitchell S. M., & Van Horn, S. A. (2018). Criminal thinking, psychiatric symptoms, and recovery attitudes among community mental health patients: An examination of program placement.Criminal Justice and Behavior, 45(2), 195-213. [3] Boduszek D., Adamson G., Shevlin M., & Hyland P. (2012). The role of personality in the relationship between criminal social identity and criminal thinking style within a sample of prisoners with learning difficulties.Journal of Learning Disabilities and Offending Behaviour, 3(1), 12-23. [4] Boduszek, D., & Hyland, P. (2012). Psycho-sociological review of criminal thinking style.Journal of Humanistics and Social Sciences, 1(1), 28-36. [5] Boduszek D., McLaughlin C., & Hyland P. (2011). Criminal attitudes of ex-prisoners: The role of personality, anti-social friends and recidivism.The Internet Journal of Criminology, 9, 1-10. [6] Burgess, R. L., & Akers, R. L. (1966). A Differential association-reinforcement theory of criminal behavior.Social Problems, 14(2), 128-147. [7] Cuadra, L. E. (2008). Child maltreatment and adult criminal behavior: Criminal thinking as a mediator. The University of Nebraska-Lincoln. [8] Cuadra L. E., Jaffe A. E., Thomas R., & DiLillo D. (2014). Child maltreatment and adult criminal behavior: Does criminal thinking explain the association?Child Abuse and Neglect, 38(8), 1399-1408. [9] Dembo R., Jainchill N., Turner C., Fong C., Farkas S., & Childs K. (2007). Levels of psychopathy and its correlates: A study of incarcerated youths in three states.Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 25(5), 717-738. [10] Dembo R., Turner C. W., & Jainchill N. (2007). An assessment of criminal thinking among incarcerated youths in three states.Criminal Justice and Behavior, 34(9), 1157-1167. [11] Egan V., McMurran M., Richardson C., Blair M., & Lodge A. (2000). Criminal cognitions and personality: What does the PICTS really measure?Criminal Behavior and Mental Health, 10(3), 170-185. [12] Engels R. C. M. E., Luijpers E., Landsheer J., & Meeus W. (2004). A longitudinal study of relations between attitudes and delinquent behavior in adolescents.Criminal Justice and Behavior, 31(2), 244-260. [13] Gendreau P., Grant B. A., Leipciger M., & Collins S. (1979). Norms and recidivism rates for the MMPI and selected experimental scales on a Canadian delinquent sample.Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 11(1), 21-31. [14] Gonsalves V. M., Scalora M. J., & Huss M. T. (2009). Prediction of recidivism using the psychopathy checklist-revised and the psychological inventory of criminal thinking styles within a forensic sample.Criminal Justice and Behavior, 36(7), 741-756. [15] Gonzalez R., Mandracchia J. T., Nicholson B., & Dahlen E. (2014). Exploring parenting as a predictor of criminogenic thinking in college students.International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 58(9), 1081-1100. [16] Hare, R. D., & Neumann, C. S. (2009). Psychopathy: Assessment and forensic implications.The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 54(12), 791-802. [17] Hoeve M., Dubas J. S., Eichelsheim V. I., Van der Laan, P. H., Smeenk W., & Gerris J. R. (2009). The relationship between parenting and delinquency: A meta-analysis.Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 37(6), 749-775. [18] Holsinger, A. M. (1999). Assessing criminal thinking: Attitudes and orientations influence behavior.Corrections Today, 61, 22-25. [19] Kishi K., Takeda F., Nagata Y., Suzuki J., Monma T., & Asanuma T. (2015). The Japanese Criminal Thinking Inventory: Development, reliability, and initial validation of a new scale for assessing criminal thinking in a Japanese offender population.International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 59(12), 1308-1321. [20] Knight K., Garner B. R., Simpson D. D., Morey J. T., & Flynn P. M. (2006). An assessment for criminal thinking.Crime & Delinquency, 52(1), 159-177. [21] Kroner, D. G., & Yessine, A. K. (2013). Changing risk factors that impact recidivism: In search of mechanisms of change.Law and Human Behavior, 37(5), 321-336. [22] Magyar M., Carr W. A., Rosenfeld B., & Rotter M. (2010). An exploration of the relationship between criminal cognitions and psychopathy in a civil psychiatric sample.International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 54(6), 865-877. [23] Mandracchia J. T., Gonzalez R. A., Patterson K. L., & Smith P. N. (2015). Psychopathy and criminogenic thinking in adult male prisoners.Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 31(4), 409-425. [24] Mandracchia, J. T., & Morgan, R. D. (2010). The relationship between status variables and criminal thinking in an offender population.Psychological Services, 7(1), 27-33. [25] Mandracchia, J. T., & Morgan, R. D. (2012). Predicting offenders' criminogenic cognitions with status variables.Criminal Justice and Behavior, 39(1), 5-25. [26] Mandracchia J. T., Morgan R. D., Garos S., & Garland J. T. (2007). Inmate thinking patterns: An empirical investigation.Criminal Justice and Behavior, 34(8), 1029-1043. [27] Mills J. F., Anderson D., & Kroner D. G. (2004). The antisocial attitudes and associates of sex offenders.Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, 14(2), 134-145. [28] Mills J. F., Kroner D. G., & Forth A. E. (2002). Measures of criminal attitudes and associates (MCAA): Development, factor structure, reliability, and validity.Assessment, 9(3), 240-253. [29] Mitchell, D., & Tafrate, R. C. (2012). Conceptualization and measurement of criminal thinking: Initial validation of the criminogenic thinking profile.International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 56(7), 1080-1102. [30] Packer G., Best D., Day E., & Wood K. (2009). Criminal thinking and self-control among drug users in court mandated treatment.Criminology and Criminal Justice, 9(1), 93-110. [31] Palmer, E. J., & Hollin, C. R. (2004). The use of the Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles with English young offenders.Legal and Criminological Psychology, 9(2), 253-263. [32] Rezapour-Mirsaleh Y., Shafizadeh R., Shomali M., & Sedaghat R. (2021). Effectiveness of self-compassion intervention on criminal thinking in male prisoners.International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 65(1), 100-116. [33] Shabahrami, M. H., & Dokaneh-I Fard, F. (2020). Investigating the relationship between personality disorders and criminal thinking styles in prisoners convicted of violent crimes.Researcher Bulletin of Medical Sciences, 24(1), e6. [34] Simourd, D. J. (1997). The Criminal Sentiments Scale-Modified and Pride in Delinquency Scale: Psychometric properties and construct validity of two measures of criminal attitudes.Criminal Justice and Behavior, 24(1), 52-70. [35] Simourd, D. J., & Olver, M. E. (2002). The future of criminal attitudes research and practice.Criminal Justice and Behavior, 29(4), 427-446. [36] Tangney J. P., Stuewig J., Furukawa E., Kopelovich S., Meyer P. J., & Cosby B. (2012). Reliability, validity, and predictive utility of the 25-item Criminogenic Cognitions Scale (CCS).Criminal Justice and Behavior, 39(10), 1340-1360. [37] Taxman F. S., Giuranna Rhodes A., & Dumenci L. (2011). Construct and predictive validity of Criminal Thinking Scales.Criminal Justice and Behavior, 38(2), 174-187. [38] Walters, G., & Geyer, M. (2004). Criminal thinking and identity in male white-collar offenders.Criminal Justice and Behavior, 31(3), 263-281. [39] Walters, G. D. (1995a). The Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles Part I: Reliability and preliminary validity.Criminal Justice and Behavior, 22(3), 307-325. [40] Walters, G. D. (1995b). The Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles Part II : Identifying simulated response sets.Criminal Justice and Behavior, 22(4), 437-445. [41] Walters, G. D. (1996). The Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles Part III. Predictive validity.International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 40(2), 105-112. [42] Walters, G. D. (2005). Predicting institutional adjustment with the lifestyle criminality screening form and psychological inventory of criminal thinking styles.International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 4(1), 63-70. [43] Walters, G. D. (2006a). Appraising, researching and conceptualizing criminal thinking: A personal view.Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, 16, 87-99. [44] Walters, G. D. (2006b). Proactive and reactive composite scales for the psychological inventory of criminal thinking styles (PICTS).Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 42(4), 23-36. [45] Walters, G. D. (2007). Measuring proactive and reactive criminal thinking with the PICTS: Correlations with outcome expectancies and hostile attribution biases.Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 22(4), 371-385. [46] Walters, G. D. (2009). The psychological inventory of criminal thinking styles and psychopathy checklist: Screening version as incrementally valid predictors of recidivism.Law and Human Behavior, 33(6), 497-505. [47] Walters, G. D. (2012). Criminal thinking and recidivism: Meta-analytic evidence on the predictive and incremental validity of the Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles (PICTS).Aggression and Violent Behavior, 17(3), 272-278. [48] Walters, G. D. (2015). Early childhood temperament, maternal monitoring, reactive criminal thinking, and the origin(s) of low self-control.Journal of Criminal Justice, 43(5), 369-376. [49] Walters, G. D. (2016). Friends, cognition, and delinquency: Proactive and reactive criminal thinking as mediators of the peer influence and peer selection effects among male delinquents.Justice Quarterly, 33(6), 1055-1079. [50] Walters, G. D. (2017). Reactive criminal thinking as a consequence of low self-control and prior offending.Deviant Behavior, 38(2), 119-129. [51] Walters, G. D. (2019). Gang influence: Mediating the gang-delinquency relationship with proactive criminal thinking.Criminal Justice and Behavior, 46(7), 1044-1062. [52] Walters, G. D. (2020a). Perceived peer delinquency, proactive criminal thinking, neighborhood disorder, and serious offending: Moderated mediation and theoretical integration.Journal of Crime and Justice, 43(4), 467-485. [53] Walters, G. D. (2020b). The sibling effect for delinquency: Mediation by proactive criminal thinking and moderation by age.International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 64(2-3), 265-288. [54] Walters G. D., Deming A., & Casbon T. (2015). Predicting recidivism in sex offenders with the Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles (PICTS).Assessment, 22(2), 167-177. [55] Walters G. D., Ponce Jr., R., Piñero M. A., & Ernest K. D. (2021). Criminal thinking, certainty of apprehension, and the decision to engage in antisocial behavior: A study of day treatment program clients.Journal of Forensic Sciences, 66(2), 636-645. [56] Warner C., Conley T., & Murphy R. (2018). Criminal thinking shifts among male prisoners participating in a cognitive-based education programme.Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, 28(2), 152-157. [57] Whited W. H., Wagar L., Mandracchia J. T., & Morgan R. D. (2017). Partners or partners in crime? The relationship between criminal associates and criminogenic thinking.International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 61(6), 491-507. [58] Yang, Y., & Perkins, D. R. (2021). Association between childhood adversity and criminal thinking: The role of attachment.Psychology, Crime & Law, 27(8), 796-814. [59] Yochelson, S., & Samenow, S. E. (1976). The criminal personality: A profile for change. Rowan & Littlefield.
