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| The influence of downward temporal comparison on employee sense of work gain |
| XU Ke1, JIN Yao1, ZHAO Guoxiang2 |
1 School of Management, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444;
2 School of Psychology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004 |
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Abstract An employee’s sense of work gain stems not from absolute returns, but from a relative experience derived from weighing personal benefits against inputs and making comparisons against a reference point. Drawing on Conservation of Resources （COR） Theory, this study investigated the mechanism through which downward temporal comparison influences employee sense of work gain, using three-wave survey data from 397 employees. The results indicated that： （1） Downward temporal comparison had a significant positive effect on sense of work gain; （2） Job crafting played a key partial mediating role in this relationship; （3） Social comparison, as an important boundary condition, negatively moderated both the direct path and the mediation model. This study proposed and validated a dynamic psychological resource adjustment model, characterized by the primacy of social comparison and the compensatory role of temporal comparison, thereby deepening the understanding of the relationship between these two comparison processes. Furthermore, the study empirically clarified a dual-pathway mechanism for achieving this sense of gain, demonstrating that it is realized through both a direct cognitive path of internal reflection and an indirect behavioral path of proactive job crafting.
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