|
|
The influence of cognitive style on the language accuracy of communicative learning |
ZHANG Hengchao |
Department of Psychology, School of Law, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134 |
|
|
Abstract Language is the core medium of communication. The process of language communication is a multi-modal cognitive process. One of the important factors is the personality characteristics of communicators. Based on this, the study established three cognitive style conditions, and used the communication paradigm to explore the influence of cognitive style on the language accuracy of communicative learning by creating communication learning task and individual task. The results showed that: 1) The language accuracy of field independent communicators was lower; With the development of the process of communication the use of nonverbal cues by communicators was deepening, and it led to a significant reduction in the level of language cognitive processing. The field independent communicators made the earliest use of nonverbal cues. 2) The language accuracy of field independent communicators was lower than that of field dependence, but there was no difference in the cognitive accuracy, and the accuracy of communication cognition was higher than that of language cognition. The results suggested that: Communication cognition is reflected in the interaction process of language cognition and nonverbal cognition; Field independent communicator has lower language cognitive level, but nonverbal cognitive level is higher.
|
|
|
|
|
[1] 谢斯骏, 张厚粲. (1988). 认知方式——一个人格维度的实验研究. 北京: 北京师范大学出版社, 278-280. [2] 张恒超. (2013). 参照性交流中的“听者设计”. 心理发展与教育, 29(5), 552-560. [3] 张恒超. (2017). 共享因素对参照性交流双方学习的影响.心理学报, 49(2), 197-205. [4] 张恒超. (2018a). 交流语言认知特征.心理科学进展, 26(2), 270-282. [5] 张恒超. (2018b). 交流手势的认知特征.心理科学进展, 26(5), 796-809. [6] 张恒超. (2020). 不同语境下交流学习双方语言相似性的比较.心理发展与教育, 36(4), 440-448. [7] 张恒超. (2021a). 交流语言“听者设计”发生过程的认知特征.心理研究, 14(2), 118-128. [8] 张恒超. (2021b). 交流语言认知实验的任务特征.赣南师范大学学报, 42(2), 114-122. [9] Alibali, M. W., & Nathan, M. J. (2012). Embodiment in mathematics teaching and learning: Evidence from students’ and teachers’ gestures.Journal of the Learning Sciences, 21, 207-215. [10] Alviar C., Dale R., & Galati A. (2019). Complex communication dynamics: Exploring the structure of an academic talk.Cognitive Science, 43(3), e12718. [11] Armstrong S. J., Peterson E. R., & Rayner S. G. (2012). Understanding and defining cognitive style and learning style: A Delphi study in the context of educational psychology.Educational Studies, 38(4), 449-455. [12] Arnold J. E., Kahn J. M., & Pancani G. C. (2012). Audience design affects acoustic reduction via production facilitation.Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 19(3), 505-512. [13] Barnett, M, D., & Johnson, D, M. (2016). The perfectionism social disconnection model: The mediating role of communication styles.Personality and Individual Differences, 94, 200-205. [14] Bezuidenhout, A. (2013). Perspective taking in conversation: A defense of speaker non-egocentricity.Journal of Pragmatics 48, 4-16. [15] Brennan S. E., Chen X., Dickinson C. A., Neider M. B., & Zelinsky G. J. (2008). Coordinating cognition: The costs and benefits of shared gaze during collaborative search.Cognition, 106(3), 1465-1477. [16] Brown-Schmidt, S. (2009). Partner-specific interpretation of maintained referential precedents during interactive dialog.Journal of Memory and Language, 61(2), 171-190. [17] Brown-Schmidt, S., & Heller, D. (2014). What language processing can tell us about perspective taking: A reply to Bezuidenhout.Journal of Pragmatics, 60, 279-284. [18] Chamot, A. U. (2005). Language learning strategy instruction: Current issues and research.Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 25, 112-130. [19] Chavosh, M., & Davoudi, M. (2016). The effect of explicit teaching of lexical inferencing strategies on the vocabulary learning among iranian field-dependent and independent EFL learners.Studies in Literature and Language, 12(4), 44-53. [20] Davies, C. N. (2011). Over-informativeness in referential communication (doctorial dissertation). University of Cambridge. [21] Davis, G. A. (2006). Learning style and personality type preferences of community development extension educators.Journal of Agricultural Education, 47(1), 90-99. [22] De Ruiter J. P., Bangerter A., & Dings P. (2012). The interplay between gesture and speech in the production of referring expressions: Investigating the tradeoff hypothesis.Topics in Cognitive Science, 4(2), 232-248. [23] Epley N., Morewedge C. K., & Keysar B. (2004). Perspective taking in children and adults: Equivalent egocentrism but differential correction.Journal of Experimental So cial Psychology, 40(6), 760-768. [24] Galati, A. (2009). Assessing common ground in conversation: The effect of linguistic and physical co-presence on early planning (doctorial dissertation). State University of New York at Stony Brook. [25] Goldin-Meadow, S. (2015). From action to abstraction: Gesture as a mechanism of change.Developmental Review, 38, 167-184. [26] Goldin-Meadow, S., & Alibali, M. W. (2013). Gesture’s role in speaking, learning, and creating.Annual Review of Psychology, 64, 257-283. [27] Graziano, M., & Gullberg, M. (2013). Gesture production and speech fluency in competent speakers and language learners. In Tilburg Gesture Research Meeting (TiGeR) 2013. Tilburg University. [28] Green T., Wilhelmsen T., Wilmots E., Dodd B., & Quinn S. (2016). Social anxiety, attributes of online communication and self-disclosure across private and public Facebook communication.Computers in Human Behavior, 58, 206-213. [29] Guisande M. A., Páramo M. F., Tinajero C., & Almeida L. S. (2007). Field dependence-independence (FDI) cognitive style: An analysis of attentional functioning.Psicothema, 19(4), 572-577. [30] Hostetter, A. B., & Potthoff, A. L. (2012). Effects of personality and social situation on representational gesture production.Gesture, 12(1), 62-83. [31] Koppensteiner M., Stephan P., & Jschke, J. P. M. (2016). Moving speeches: Dominance, trustworthiness and competence in body motion.Personality and Individual Differences, 94, 101-106. [32] Krauss, R. M., & Weinheimer, S. (1964). Changes in reference phrases as a function of frequency of usage in social interaction: A preliminary study.Psychonomic Science, 1, 113-114. [33] Kronmüller, E., & Barr, D. J. (2015) Referential precedents in spoken language comprehension: A review and meta-analysis.Journal of Memory and Language, 83, 1-19. [34] Masita, D. D. (2016). EFL students’ ability in performing autonomous learning and their writing proficiency across cognitive styles.Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan, 1(6), 1204-1215. [35] Moghadam S. R. M., Bahrami A., Por M. A., & Sadatizadeh S. S. (2015). Examined the relationship between learning styles and cognitive styles and their role in the academic success of high school students first city of Bavi.Spectrum: A Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 4(7), 9-16. [36] Myartawan I. P. N. W., Latief M. A., & Suharmanto. (2013). The correlation between learner autonomy and English proficiency of Indonesian EFL college students.TEFLIN Journal, 24(1), 63-81. [37] Nölle J., Fusaroli R., Mills G., & Tylen K. (2020). Language as shaped by the environment: Linguistic construal in a collaborative spatial task.Palgrave Communications, 6(1), 1-10. [38] Nosratinia M., Mojri Z., & Sarabchian E. (2014). Exploring the relationship between EFL learners’ language learning styles and strategies.International Journal of Language Learning and Applied Linguistics World, 5(2), 253-264. [39] O’Carroll S., Nicoladis E., & Smithson L. (2015). The effect of extroversion on communication: Evidence from an interlocutor visibility manipulation.Speech Communication, 69, 1-8. [40] Overall, N. C., & McNulty, J. K. (2017). What type of communication during conflict is beneficial for intimate relationships?Current Opinion in Psychology, 13, 1-5. [41] Rahmani, B. D. (2016). The relationship between field dependence-independence and reading strategy toward reading comprehension.Journal of ELT Research, 1(1), 37-52. [42] Raptis G. E., Fidas C. A., & Avouris, N. M. (2016). Differences of field dependent/independent gamers on cultural heritage playing: Preliminary findings of an eye-tracking study. In Euro-Mediterranean Conference (pp. 199-206). Springer International Publishing. [43] Schubotz L., Özyurek A., & Holler J. (2019). Age-related differences in multimodal recipient design: Younger, but not older adults, adapt speech and co-speech gestures to common ground.Language, Cognition and Neuroscience, 34(2), 254-271. [44] Shangarffam, N. A. C. I. M., & Ghazi Saeedi, F. (2013). The relationship among EFL learners’ autonomy, first language essay writing tasks and second language essay writing tasks in task/content based language instruction.Global Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology, System, 5, 177-191. [45] Shipman, S., & Shipman, V. C. (1985). Cognitive styles: Some conceptual, methodological, and applied issues.Review of Research in Education, 12, 229-291. [46] Sikos L., Tomlinson S. B., Heins C., & Grodner D. J. (2019). What do you know? ERP evidence for immediate use Of common ground during online reference resolution.Cognition, 182, 275-285. [47] Sözcü Ö. F., Ipek I., & Kinay H. (2016). The attitudes of field dependence learners for learner interface design (LID) in e-learning instruction.Universal Journal of Educational Research, 4(3), 539-546. [48] Vesper C., Schmitz L., Safra L., Sebanz N., & Knoblich G. (2016). The role of shared visual information for joint action coordination. Cognition, 153, 118-123. [49] Wong, L. L., & Nunan, D. (2011). The learning styles and strategies of effective language learners.System, 39(2), 144-163. |
|
|
|