时间比较对中小学生自我认知与体验的影响

doi:10.19988/j.cnki.issn.2095-1159.2026.02.010

心理研究

2026, Vol. 19

Issue (2): 184-192 DOI: 10.19988/j.cnki.issn.2095-1159.2026.02.010

学校心理研究

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时间比较对中小学生自我认知与体验的影响

张锋¹, 王宇阳¹, 付丽娟²

1 河南大学教育学部,开封 475004;
2 开封市翰林苑小学,开封 475004

The effect of temporal comparison on cognition and experiences of self among primary and secondary school students

ZHANG Feng¹, WANG Yuyang¹, FU Lijuan²

1 Faculty of Education, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004;
2 Kaifeng Hanlinyuan Primary School, Kaifeng 475004

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摘要为探讨时间比较对自我认知与体验的影响,采用3（比较类型：无比较;时间比较;社会比较）×3（比较方向：无比较;向上比较;向下比较）被试间实验设计,选取中小学生进行研究。结果显示：（1）与社会比较相比,过去和未来时间比较都使学生产生更多的自豪感和更少的羞愧感;过去时间比较更能促进积极情绪的产生,未来时间比较更能缓解消极情绪;（2）过去时间比较对自我认知和情绪体验的影响具有跨学段的一致性,未来时间比较在中学阶段的效应更为明显;（3）与小学生相比,中学生（特别是女生）更在意时间比较信息。因此,时间比较不仅能够显著促进中小学生的积极自我认知与情绪体验,而且相较于社会比较具有显著的优势效应。

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	张锋
	王宇阳
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关键词 ：时间比较, 社会比较, 自我认知, 情绪体验

基金资助:河南省哲学社会科学教育强省研究项目（2025JYQS0210）、河南省哲学社会科学规划项目（2024BJY028）

通讯作者: 张锋,男,教授,博士生导师,Email：zf@henu.edu.com

引用本文:

张锋, 王宇阳, 付丽娟. 时间比较对中小学生自我认知与体验的影响[J]. 心理研究, 2026, 19(2): 184-192.
ZHANG Feng, WANG Yuyang, FU Lijuan. The effect of temporal comparison on cognition and experiences of self among primary and secondary school students. Psychological Research, 2026, 19(2): 184-192.

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http://xlyj.magtech.com.cn/CN/10.19988/j.cnki.issn.2095-1159.2026.02.010 或 http://xlyj.magtech.com.cn/CN/Y2026/V19/I2/184

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