[1] 刘拓, 古丽给娜, 杨莹, 任世秀, 钞淼. (2020). 人格与无手机恐惧的关系:独处行为的中介作用.心理与行为研究, 18(2), 268-274. [2] 中华人民共和国教育部. (2021). 关于加强中小学生手机管理工作的通知. 2021-03-14 取自http://www.moe.gov.cn/srcsite/A06/s7053/202101/t20210126_511120.html [3] Argumosa-Villar L., Boada-Grau J., & Vigil-Colet A. (2017). Exploratory investigation of theoretical predictors of nomophobia using the mobile phone involvement questionnaire (MPIQ).Journal of Adolescence, 56, 127-135. [4] Arpaci I., Baloglu M., Kozan O. H., & Kesici S. (2017). Individual differences in the relationship between attachment and nomophobia among college students: The mediating role of mindfulness.Journal of Medical Internet Research, 19(12), e404. [5] Arpaci I., Baloğlu M., & Kesici Ş. (2017). A multi-group analysis of the effects of individual differences in mindfulness on nomophobia.Information Development, 35(2), 333-341. [6] Aguilera-Manrique G., Márquez-Hernández V. V., Alcaraz-Córdoba T., Granados-Gámez G., Gutiérrez-Puertas V., & Gutiérrez-Puertas L. (2018). The relationship between nomophobia and the distraction associated with smartphone use among nursing students in their clinical practicum.PLoS One, 13(8), e202953. [7] Ayar D., Ozalp G. G., Ozdemir E. Z., & Bektas M. (2018). The effect of problematic internet use, social appearance anxiety, and social media use on nursing students’ nomophobia levels.Computers, Informatics, Nursing, 36(12), 589-595. [8] Arpaci, I. (2019). Culture and nomophobia: The role of vertical versus horizontal collectivism in predicting nomophobia.Information Development, 35(1), 96-106. [9] Anshari M., Alas Y., & Sulaiman E. (2019). Smartphone addictions and nomophobia among youth.Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies, 14(3), 242-247. [10] Aldalalah, O. M. (2020). Fear of losing the mobile phone nomophobia among students and its impact of psycho-loneliness and learning in the light of some variables.International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies, 14(16), 70-86. [11] Bronfenbrenner, U. (1989). Ecological system theory.Annals of Child Development, 6, 187-249. [12] Bowlby, J. (1979). The Bowlby-Ainsworth attachment theory.Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 2(4), 637-638. [13] Bragazzi, N., & Del Puente, G. (2014). A proposal for including nomophobia in the new DSM-V.Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 7, 155-160. [14] Bragazzi N. L., Re T. S., & Zerbetto R. (2019). The relationship between nomophobia and maladaptive coping styles in a sample of Italian young adults: Insights and implications from a cross-sectional study.JMIR Mental Health, 6(4), e13154. [15] Bekaroğlu, E., & Yılmaz, T. (2020). Nomophobia: Differential diagnosis and treatment.Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar, 12(1), 131-142. [16] Cheever N. A., Rosen L. D., Carrier L. M., & Chavez A. (2014). Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users.Computers in Human Behavior, 37, 290-297. [17] Clayton R. B., Leshner G., & Almond A. (2015). The extended iSelf: The impact of iphone separation on cognition, emotion, and physiology.Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 20(2), 119-135. [18] Dixit S., Shukla H., Bhagwat A. K., Bindal A., Goyal A., Zaidi A., & Shrivastava A. (2010). A study to evaluate mobile phone dependence among students of a medical college and associated hospital of central India.Indian Journal of Community Medicine, 35(2), 339. [19] Davel, C. (2017). The mobile phone as an extention of the self: A study among adolescents in a secondary school (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of South Africa. [20] Dongre A. S., Inamdar I. F., & Gattani P. L. (2017). Nomophobia: A study to evaluate mobile phone dependence and impact of cell phone on health.National Journal of Community Medicine, 8(11), 688-693. [21] Daei A., Ashrafi-rizi H., & Soleymani M. (2019). Nomophobia and health hazards: Smartphone use and addiction among university students.International Journal of Preventive Medicine, 10(1), 1-5. [22] Erdurmazli, E., Erdem, H., Turen, U., Gokmen, Y., & Can, R. (2019). Nomophobia as a psychological disorder of the modern age: Effects on organizational commitment. Paper presented at the International Institute of Engineers & Researchers (IIER) International Conference, Brussels, Belgium. [23] Forgays D. K., Hyman I., & Schreiber J. (2014). Texting everywhere for everything: Gender and age differences in cell phone etiquette and use.Computers in Human Behavior, 31, 314-321. [24] Farooqui I. A., Pore P., & Gothankar J. (2018). Nomophobia: An emerging issue in medical institutions? Journal of Mental Health, 27(5), 438-441. [25] Galhardo A., Loureiro D., Raimundo E., Massano-Cardoso I., & Cunha M. (2020). Assessing nomophobia: Validation study of the European Portuguese Version of the Nomophobia Questionnaire.Community Mental Health Journal, 56(1), 1-10. [26] Gao Y., Dai H., Jia G., Liang C., Tong T., Zhang Z., …Zhu Y. (2020). Translation of the Chinese version of the nomophobia questionnaire and its validation among college students: Factor analysis.JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 8(3), e13561. [27] Gezgin, D. (2017). Exploring the influence of the patterns of mobile internet use on university students’ nomophobia levels.European Journal of Education Studies, 3(6), 29-53. [28] Gezgin D. M., Çakır Ö., & Yildirim S. (2018). the relationship between levels of nomophobia prevalence and internet addiction among high school students: The factors influencing nomophobia.International Journal of Research in Education & Science, 4(1), 215-225. [29] Gutiérrez-Puertas L., Márquez-Hernández V. V., São-Romão-Preto L., Granados-Gámez G., Gutiérrez-Puertas V., & Aguilera-Manrique G. (2019). Comparative study of nomophobia among Spanish and Portuguese nursing students.Nurse Education in Practice, 34, 79-84. [30] Gonçalves S., Dias P., & Correia A. (2020). Nomophobia and lifestyle: Smartphone use and its relationship to psychopathologies.Computers in Human Behavior Reports, 2, e100025. [31] Gözüm A. 0. C., Erkul R., & Aksoy N. (2020). Use of smartphones in class: Examining the relationship between m-learning readiness, cyberloafing, nomophobia and addiction variables.International Journal of Progressive Education, 16(6), 94-120. [32] Gurbuz, I. B., & Ozkan, G. (2020). What is your level of nomophobia? An investigation of prevalence and level of nomophobia among young people in Turkey.Community Mental Health Journal, 56(5), 814-822. [33] Han S., Kim K. J., & Kim J. H. (2017). Understanding nomophobia: Structural equation modeling and semantic network analysis of smartphone separation anxiety.Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 20(7), 419-427. [34] Hartanto, A., & Yang, H. (2016). Is the smartphone a smart choice? The effect of smartphone separation on executive functions.Computers in Human Behavior, 64, 329-336. [35] Hoffner C. A., Lee S., & Park S. J. (2016). “I miss my mobile phone!” Self-expansion via mobile phone and responses to phone loss.New Media & Society, 18(11), 2452-2468. [36] Hoşgör H., Coşkun F., Çalişkan F., & Gündüz Hoşgör D. (2020). Relationship between nomophobia, fear of missing out, and perceived work overload in nurses in Turkey.Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 1-8. [37] Jilisha G., Venkatachalam J., Menon V., & Olickal J. J. (2019). Nomophobia: A mixed-methods study on prevalence, associated factors, and perception among college students in Puducherry, India.Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 41(6), 541-548. [38] Kara M., Baytemir K., & Inceman-Kara F. (2019). Duration of daily smartphone usage as an antecedent of nomophobia: Exploring multiple mediation of loneliness and anxiety.Behaviour & Information Technology, 40(1), 85-98. [39] Kaviani F., Young K. L., Robards B., & Koppel S. (2020a). Nomophobia and self-reported smartphone use while driving: An investigation into whether nomophobia can increase the likelihood of illegal smartphone use while driving.Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behavior, 74, 212-224. [40] Kaviani F., Robards B., Young K. L., & Koppel S. (2020b). Nomophobia: Is the fear of being without a smartphone associated with problematic use? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(17), 6024. [41] Kardefelt-Winther, Daniel (2014). A conceptual and methodological critique of internet addiction research: Towards a model of compensatory internet use.Computers in Human Behavior, 31, 351-354. [42] King A. L. S., Valença A. M., & Nardi A. E. (2010). Nomophobia: The mobile phone in panic disorder with agoraphobia: reducing phobias or worsening of dependence? Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, 23(1), 52-54. [43] King A. L. S., Valença A. M., Silva A. C. O., Baczynski T., Carvalho M. R., & Nardi A. E. (2013). Nomophobia: Dependency on virtual environments or social phobia? Computers in Human Behavior, 29(1), 140-144. [44] King A. L. S., Valença A. M., Silva A. C., Sancassiani F., Machado S., & Nardi A. E. (2014). “Nomophobia”: Impact of cell phone use interfering with symptoms and emotions of individuals with panic disorder compared with a control group.Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health, 10(1), 28-35. [45] Konok V., Gigler D., Bereczky B. M., & Miklósi á. (2016). Humans’ attachment to their mobile phones and its relationship with interpersonal attachment style.Computers in Human Behavior, 61, 537-547. [46] Konok V., Pogány á., & Miklósi á. (2017). Mobile attachment: Separation from the mobile phone induces physiological and behavioural stress and attentional bias to separation-related stimuli.Computers in Human Behavior, 71, 228-239. [47] Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York, NY: Springer [48] Lee S., Kim M., Mendoza J. S., & McDonough I. M. (2018). Addicted to cellphones: Exploring the psychometric properties between the nomophobia questionnaire and obsessiveness in college students.Heliyon, 4(11), e00895. [49] Mail Online. (2008). Nomophobia is the fear of being out of mobile phone contact-and it’s the plague ofour 24/7 age. Retrieved March 14, 2021, from http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article550610/Nomophobia-fear-mobile-phone-contact-plague-24-7-age.html [50] Ma, J., & Liu, C. (2018). Evaluation of the factor structure of the Chinese version of the nomophobia questionnaire.Current Psychology, 40, 1367-1373. [51] Mendoza J. S., Pody B. C., Lee S., Kim M., & McDonough I. M. (2018). The effect of cellphones on attention and learning: The influences of time, distraction, and nomophobia.Computers in Human Behavior, 86, 52-60. [52] Mengi A., Singh A., & Gupta V. (2020). An institution-based study to assess the prevalence of Nomophobia and its related impact among medical students in Southern Haryana, India. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 9(5), 2303. [53] Mir, R., & Akhtar, M. (2020). Effect of nomophobia on the anxiety levels of undergraduate students.Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 70(9), 1492-1497. [54] Muench R., & Muench C. (2020). Me without my smartphone? never! Predictors of willingness for smartphone separation and nomophobia. In: Stephanidis C., Antona M. (series eds.), Communications in Computer and Information Science,(vol.1226, pp.217-223). Springer, Cham. [55] Nagpal, S. S., & Kaur, R. (2016). Nomophobia: The problem lies at our fingertips.Indian Journal of Health & Wellbeing, 7(12), 1135-1139. [56] Nie J., Wang P., & Lei L. (2020). Why can’t we be separated from our smartphones? The vital roles of smartphone activity in smartphone separation anxiety.Computers in Human Behavior, 109, e106351. [57] Olivencia-Carrión M. A., Ferri-García R., Rueda M. D. M., Jiménez-Torres M. G., & López-Torrecillas F. (2018). Temperament and characteristics related to nomophobia.Psychiatry Research, 266, 5-10. [58] Ozdemir B., Cakir O., & Hussain I. (2018). Prevalence of nomophobia among university students: A comparative study of Pakistani and Turkish undergraduate students.Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 14(4), 1519-1532. [59] Onal, N. (2019). Metaphoric perceptions of high school students about nomophobia.International Journal of Research in Education and Science, 5(2), 437-449. [60] Park, C. S., & Kaye, B. K. (2019). Smartphone and self-extension: Functionally, anthropomorphically, and ontologically extending self via the smartphone.Mobile Media & Communication, 7(2), 215-231. [61] Prathap, D. (2020). Nomophobia and its impact on health and mind - A structured review.European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, 7(1), 334-341. [62] Ribak, R. (2009). Remote control, umbilical cord and beyond: The mobile phone as a transitional object.British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 27(1), 183-196. [63] Rodríguez-García A.,A. Moreno-Guerrero and J. López Belmonte,(2020). Nomophobia: An individual’s growing fear of being without a smartphone-A systematic literature review.International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(2), 1-19. [64] Szyjkowska A., Gadzicka E., Szymczak W., & Bortkiewicz A. (2014). The risk of subjective symptoms in mobile phone users in Poland-An epidemiological study.International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 27(2), 293-303. [65] Sharma N., Sharma P., Sharma N., & Wavare R. R. (2015). Rising concern of nomophobia amongst Indian medical students.International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 3(3), 705-707. [66] Thomée S., Härenstam A., & Hagberg M. (2011). Mobile phone use and stress, sleep disturbances, and symptoms of depression among young adults-A prospective cohort study.BMC Public Health, 11(1), 66. [67] Tams S., Legoux R., & Léger P. (2018). Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context.Computers in Human Behavior, 81, 1-9. [68] Vincent, J. (2006). Emotional attachment and mobile phones.Knowledge Technology & Policy, 19(1), 39-44. [69] Wang, G., & Suh, A. (2018). Disorder or driver? The effects of nomophobia on work-related outcomes in organizations. Paper presented at the 2018 Computer-Human Interaction Conference, Montréal, QC, Canada. [70] Winnicott, D. W. (1971). Playing and reality. Penguin. [71] Yavuz M., Altan B., Bayrak B., Gündüz M., & Bolat N. (2019). The relationships between nomophobia, alexithymia and metacognitive problems in an adolescent population.The Turkish Journal of Pediatrics, 61(3), 345. [72] Yildirim C., Sumuer E., Adnan M., & Yildirim S. (2015). A growing fear prevalence of nomophobia among Turkish college students.Information Development, 32(5), 1322-1331. [73] Yildirim, C. & Correia, A. (2015). Exploring the dimensions of nomophobia: Development and validation of a self-reported questionnaire.Computers in Human Behavior, 49, 130-137. [74] YIdz Durak, H. (2018). What would you do without your smartphone? Adolescents’ social media usage, locus of control, and loneliness as a predictor of nomophobia. Addicta: The Turkish Journal on Addictions, 5, 543-557. [75] Yıldırım, O., & Sezer, Ö. (2020). The relationship between nomophobia and trait anxiety, basic psychological needs, happiness in adolescents.Journal of Human Sciences, 17(2), 535-547.