|
|
|
| Child poverty： Consequence and mental mechanism |
| SONG Weifang1, SUN Ling2, ZHAO Na2 |
1 Department of Police General Education, Zhengzhou Police College, Zhengzhou 450000;
2 School of Sociology and Psychology, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing 100081 |
|
|
|
|
Abstract The issue of child poverty has received widespread attention in the fields of psychology, sociology, and economics. The results showed that compared to other factors, poverty had a more potential, continuous risk on children, such as poor children are more aggressive, less attention concentration, higher level of anxiety and depress. Researchers stated that if we deal with the issue incorrectly, not only the children themselves have a huge burden, it also can effect the employment rate, education, even the crime rate. The purpose of the present study is to comb the related research on the topic of children poverty and we hope it can provided some supports for poverty studies in China.
|
|
|
|
|
|
[1] 蒋莹,黄四林. (2020). 儿童贫困观的研究:基于内隐理论的视角.北京师范大学学报(社会科学版), (2), 26-37.
[2] Aartsen M. J., Cheval B., Sieber S., Van der Linden, B. W., Gabriel R., Courvoisier D. S., .. Cullati S. (2019). Advantaged socioeconomic conditions in childhood are associated with higher cognitive functioning but stronger cognitive decline in older age.Proceedings of the National Academy of the Sciences of the United States of America, 116(12), 5478-5486.
[3] Akfirat S., Polat F. C., & Yetim U. (2016). How the poor deal with their own poverty: A social psychological analysis from the social identity perspective.Social Indicators Research, 127(1), 1-21.
[4] Anderson, R. E. (2018). And still we rise: Parent-child relationships, resilience, and school readiness in low income urban black families.Journal of Family Psychology, 32(1), 60-70.
[5] Augustine, J. M. (2014). Maternal education and the unequal significance of family structure for children’s early achievement.Social Forces, 93(2), 687-718.
[6] Barkley, R. A. (2016). Recent longitudinal studies of childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Important themes and questions for further research.Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 125(2), 248-255.
[7] Barnes L. L., Wilson R. S., Everson-Rose S. A., Hayward M. D., Evans D. A., & de Leon, C. F. M. (2012). Effects of early-life adversity on cognitive decline in older African Americans and whites.Neurology, 79(24), 2321-2327.
[8] Bassok D., Finch J. E., Lee R., Reardon S. F.,& Waldfogel J. (2016). Socioeconomic gaps in early childhood experiences: 1998 to 2010.Area Open, 2(3), 1-22.
[9] Baumard N., Mascaro O., & Chevallier C. (2012). Preschoolers are able to take merit into account when distributing goods.Developmental Psychology, 48(2), 492-498.
[10] Bekar, ö., & Shahmoon-Shanok, R, steele M, et al. (2017). Effectiveness of school-based mental health playgroups for diagnosable and at-risk preschool children.American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 87(3), 304-316.
[11] Blair, C., & Raver, C. C. (2012). Child development in the context of adversity: Experiential canalization of brain and behavior.American Psychologist, 67(4), 309-318.
[12] Bonanno G. A., Galea S., Bucciarelli A., & Vlahov D. (2007). What predicts psychological resilience after disaster? The role of demographics, resources, and life stress.Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 75(5), 671-682.
[13] Chafel, J. A., & Neitzel, C. (2005). Young children’s ideas about the nature, causes, justification, and alleviation of poverty.Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 20(4), 433-450.
[14] Chen E., Matthews K. A., & Boyce W. T. (2002). Socioeconomic differences in children’s health: How and why do these relationships change with age?Psychological Bulletin, 128(2), 295-329.
[15] Chetty R., Hendren N., & Katz L. F. (2016). The effects of exposure to better neighborhoods on children: New evidence from the moving to opportunity experiment.The American Economic Review, 106(4), 855-902.
[16] Corwyn, R. F., & Bradley, R. H. (2002). Stability of maternal socioemotional investment in young children.Parenting, 2(1), 27-46.
[17] Clark L. P., Millet D. B., & Marshall J. D. (2014). National patterns in environmental injustice and inequality: Outdoor NO2 air pollution in the United States.PLOS ONE, 9(4), 1-8.
[18] Cochran, J. L., & Cochran, N. H. (2017). Effects of child centered play therapy for students with highly disruptive behavior in high poverty schools.International Journal of Play Therapy, 26(2), 59-72.
[19] Dearing E, McCartney K, Taylor B A. (2006). Within-child associations between family income and externalizing and internalizing problems.Development Psychology, 42(2): 237-52.
[20] Dubois D., Rucker D. D., & Galinsky A. D. (2015). Social class, power, and selfishness: When and why upper and lower class individuals behave unethically.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 108(3), 436-449.
[21] Duncan G. J., Magnuson K., & Votruba-Drzal E. (2017). Moving beyond correlations in assessing the consequences of poverty.Annual Review of Psychology, 68(1), 413-434.
[22] Edin, K., & Kefalas, M. (2005). Promises I can keep: Why poor women put motherhood before marriage.Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 18(3), 393-396.
[23] Ellis B. J., Bianchi J., Griskevicius V., & Frankenhuis W. E. (2017). Beyond risk and protective factors: An adaptation-based approach to resilience.Perspectives on Psychological Science, 12(4), 561-587.
[24] Evans, G. W. (2004). The environment of childhood poverty.American Psychologist, 59(2), 77-92.
[25] Evans, G. W., & Kim, P. (2007). Childhood poverty and health.Psychological Science, 18(11), 953-957.
[26] Fergusson D. M., Lynskey M. T., & Horwood L. J. (1997). Attentional difficulties in middle childhood and psychosocial outcomes in young adulthood.Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 38(6), 633-644.
[27] Fink E., Patalay P., Sharpe H., & Wolpert M. (2018). Child- and school-level predictors of children’s bullying behavior: A multilevel analysis in 648 primary schools.Journal of Educational Psychology, 110(1), 17-26.
[28] Fiorini, M., & Keane, M. (2014). How the allocation of children’s time affects cognitive and noncognitive development.Journal of Labor Economics, 32(4), 787-836.
[29] Foster, E.M. (2002). How economists think about family resources and child development.Child Development, 73(6), 1904-1914.
[30] Gennetian, L.A., & Shafir, E. (2015). The persistence of poverty in the context of financial instability: A behavioral perspective. Journal of PolicyAnalysis & Management, 34(4), 904-936.
[31] Gilman S. E., Kawachi I., Fitzmaurice G. M., & Buka L. (2003). Socio-economic status, family disruption and residential stability in childhood: Relation to onset, recurrence and remission of major depression.Psychological Medicine, 33(8), 1341-1355.
[32] Goldinger S D., Papesh M. H., Barnhart A. S., Hansen W. A., & Hout M. C.(2016). The poverty of embodied cognition.Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 23(4), 954-978.
[33] Hakovirta, M., & Kallio, J. (2016). Children’s perceptions of poverty.Child Indicators Research, 9(2), 317-334.
[34] Halik, M., & Webley, P. (2011). Adolescents’ understanding of poverty and the poor in rural Malaysia.Journal of Economic Psychology, 32(2), 231-239.
[35] Hanson J. L., Hair, N, Shen, D. G., Shi F., Gilmore J. H., Wolfe B. L., & Pollak S. D. (2013). Family poverty affects the rate of human infant brain growth.PLOS ONE, 8(12), 1-9.
[36] Hart D., Atkins R., & Matsuba M. K. (2008). The association of neighborhood poverty with personality change in childhood.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 94(6), 1048-1061.
[37] Heberle, A. E., & Carter, A. S.(2015). Cognitive aspects of young children’s experience of economic disadvantage.Psychological Bulletin, 141(4), 723-746.
[38] Kalil, A., & Mayer, S. E. (2016). Understanding the importance of parental time with children: Comment on Malkie, Nomaguchi, and Denny.Journal of Marriage and family, 78(1), 262-265.
[39] Kaushal N., Magnuson K., & Waldfogel J. (2011). How is family income related to investments in children’s learning? In G. J. Duncan & R. J. Murnane (Eds.), Whither opportunity? Rising inequality, schools, and children’s life chances(pp. 187-206). New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
[40] Kopczyska-Sikorska, J., & Szyszko, M. (2001). Poverty: Comparing perceptions and understanding among school and preschool aged children.International Journal of Early Childhood, 33(1), 19-25.
[41] Leahy, R. (1981). The development of the conception of economic inequality I. Descriptions and comparisons of rich and poor people.Child Development, 52(2), 523-532.
[42] Leahy, R. L. (1983). Development of the conception of economic inequality: II. Explanations, justifications, and concepts of social mobility and change.Developmental Psychology, 19(1), 111-125.
[43] Mani A., Mullainathan S., Shafir E., & Zhao J. (2013). Poverty impedes cognitive function.Science, 341(6149), 976-980.
[44] Martin C. L.,& Ruble, D. N. (2015). Patterns of gender development. Social Science Electronic Publishing, 61(61), 353-381.
[45] McEwen, C. A., & McEwen, B. S. (2017). Social structure, adversity, toxic stress and intergenerational poverty: An early childhood model.Annual Review of Sociology, 43(1), 445-472.
[46] Montroy J. J., Bowles R. P., Skibbe L. E., McClelland M. M., & Morrison F. J. (2016). The development of self-regulation across early childhood.Developmental Psychology, 52(11), 1744-1762.
[47] Mood, C., & Johsson, J. O. (2016a). The social consequences of poverty: An empirical test on longitudinal data.Social Indicators Research, 127(2), 633-652.
[48] Mood, C., & Jonsson, J.O. (2016b). Trends in child poverty in Sweden: Parental and child reports.Child Indicators Research, 9(3), 825-854.
[49] Neuman S. B., Kaefer T., & Pinkham A. M. (2018). A double dose of disadvantage: Language experiences for low income children in home and school.Journal of Educational Psychology, 110(1), 102-118.
[50] Noble K G, Houston S M, Brito N H, Bartsch H, Kan E, et al. (2015). Family income, parental education and brain structure in children and adolescents.Nature Neuroscience 18(5), 773-778.
[51] Obradovic J., Portilla X. A., & Ballard P. J. (2016). Biological sensitivity to family income: Differential effects on early executive functioning.Children Development, 87(2), 374-384.
[52] Odgers, C. L. (2015). Income inequality and the developing child: Is it all relative?American Psychologist, 70(8), 722-731.
[53] Odgers C. L., Donley S., Caspi A., Bates C. J., & Moffitt T. E. (2015). Living alongside more affluent neighbors predicts greater involvement in antisocial behavior among low-income boys.Journal of Child Psychological Psychiatry, 56(10), 1055-1064.
[54] Olson K. R., Shutts K., Kinzler K. D., & Weisman K. G. (2012). Children associate racial groups with wealth: Evidence from South Africa.Child Development, 83(6), 1884-1899.
[55] Orth, U. (2018). The family environment in early childhood has a long-term effect on self-esteem: A longitudinal study from birth to age 27 years.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 114(4), 637-655.
[56] Pascoe J. M., Wood D. L., Duffee J. H., & Kuo A. (2016). Mediators and adverse effects of child poverty in the United States.Pediatrics, 137(4), 1-11.
[57] Piff, P. K., & Moskowitz, P. (2018). Wealth, poverty, and happiness: Social class is differentially associated with positive emotions.Emotion, 18(6), 902-905.
[58] Raffington L., Prindle J. J., & Shing Y. L. (2018). Income gains predict cognitive functioning longitudinally throughout later childhood in poor children.Developmental Psychology, 54(7), 1232-1243.
[59] Reiss, F. (2013). Socioeconomic inequalities and mental health problems in children and adolescents: A systematic review.Social Science & Medicine, 90(1), 24-31.
[60] Sharkey, P., & Elwert, F. (2011). The legacy of disadvantage: Multigenerational neighborhood effects on cognitive ability.American Journal of Sociology, 116(6), 1934-1981.
[61] Shonkoff J. P., Richter L., Jacques V. D. G., & Bhutta Z. A. (2012). An integrated scientific framework for child survival and early childhood development.Pediatrics, 129(2), 460-472.
[62] Tottenham N., Hare T. A., Quinn B. T., Mccarry T. W., …… Casey B. J. (2010). Prolonged institutional rearing is associated with atypically larger amygdala volume and difficulties in emotion regulation.Developmental Science, 13(1), 46-61.
[63] Ursache A., Wedin W., Tirsi A., & Convit A. (2012). Preliminary evidence for obesity and elevations in fasting insulin mediating associations between cortisol awakening response and hippocampal volumes and frontal atrophy.Psychoneuroendocrinology, 37(8), 1270-1276.
[64] Votruba-Drzal, E. (2006). Economic disparities in middle childhood development: Does income matter?Development Psychology, 42(6),1154-67.
[65] Van Ryzin M. J., Fishbein D., & Biglan A. (2018). The promise of prevention science for addressing intergenerational poverty.Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 24(1), 128-143.
[66] Waldfogel, J., & Washbrook, E. (2011). Income-related gaps in school readiness in the U. S. and the U. K.Australian Journal of Zoology, 7(3), 156-169.
[67] Willner C. J., Gatzke-Kopp L. M., Bierman K. L., Bierman K. L., Greenberg M. T., & Segalowitz S. J. (2015). Relevance of a neurophysiological marker of attention allocation for children’s learning-related behaviors and academic performance.Developmental Psychology, 51(8), 1148-1162.
[68] Yeung W. J., Linver M., & Brooks-Gunn J. (2002). How money matters for young children’s development: Parental investment and family process.Child Development, 73(1), 1861-1879.
[69] Yu Q., Daugherty A. M., Anderson D. M., Nishimura M., Brush D., Hardwick A., .. Ofen N. (2017). Socioeconomic status and hippocampal volume in children and young adults.Developmental Science, 21(3), 1-11.
[70] Zaninotto P., Batty G. D., Allerhand M., & Deary I. J. (2018). Cognitive function trajectories and theirdeterminants in older people: 8 years of follow-up in the english longitudinal study of ageing.Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 72(8), 685-694. |
|
|
|
